Introduction Geographically, Bangladesh occupies a bigger part of the Bengal basin and the country is roofed by Tertiary folded sedimentary rocks (12%) in the north, northeastern and eastern parts; uplifted Pleistocene residuum (8%) in the northwestern, mid-northern and eastern parts; and Holocene deposits (80%) consisting of unconsolidated sand, silt, and clay. The oldest exposed rock is the Tura Sandstone of Palaeocene age but older rocks like Mesozoic, Paleozoic amid Precambrian basement have been encountered in the drill holes in the northwestern part of the country. The imperative mineral deposits of Bangladesh are natural gas, coal, limestone, hard rock, gravel, boulder, glass sand, construction sand, white clay, brick clay, peat, and beach sand heavy minerals because of its different biological environments. Tertiary Barailshales stirring within the oil and gas windows have generated natural gas and oil found in Bangladesh
Sustainable mineral resources are still playing, a vital role in shaping the modern civilized industrial world. Modern urbanization, industrialization, transportation, and communication systems are the achievements of worldwide sustainable mineral resource development and their proper utilization in various sectors. The richness in natural resources is the key indicator of socio-economic infrastructure for any country all over the world. Strong technological know-how, its ability to explore and exploit mineral resources, and its wisdom in utilizing those resources properly in the development activities of the nation. The developing world is generally far behind compared with the developed world in the sense of development activities. Bangladesh is a small country; it has a number of mineral resources such as natural gas, oil, coal, hard rock, limestone, white clay, glass sand, and mineral sand. At present, natural gas is the only mineral commodity significantly contributing to the national economy. The majority of the country’s energy needs are met by gas that is about 90%.
Energy is the key ingredient for the socio-economic development of a country and economic development depends on the adequate energy supply that leads a country self-reliant. Ministry of Power, Energy, and Mineral Resources divided into two departments namely Energy and Mineral Resources Department and Power Department. Energy and Mineral Resources Department that entrusted to make all policies connected to natural gas, liquid petroleum, and mineral resources. EMRD is responsible to create policies and administrative control over the Geological Survey of Bangladesh, Petrobangla, Bureau of Mineral Development, and Department of Explosives. Hydrocarbon Unit and Bangladesh petroleum Institute is controlled and watch over by EMRD.
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